What is the initial monitoring performed when a woman is in labor? What is the anatomy of the pelvis relevant to labor and delivery? Why is a digital exam performed in the evaluation of normal labor? How is a pelvic exam performed to evaluate normal labor? How is abdominal exam performed to evaluate normal labor? Which clinical history findings are characteristic of labor? How is external rotation during labor defined? How is internal rotation during labor defined? What fetal outcomes have been reported for midwife-attended home labor and delivery? What maternal outcomes have been reported for midwife led labor and delivery? Which factors are associated with longer labor?
What is the average interval of the first and second stages of labor? How is a prolonged third stage of labor managed? What are the benefits of active management of the third stage of labor?
What is the difference between expectant and active management of the third stage of labor? Which factors increase the risk for a prolonged second stage of labor? What are the local anesthesia options for normal labor and delivery? What are the classic signs of placenta separation from the uterus during labor? What maneuvers are used in the delivery of a fetus? How is the mother positioned for delivery? What are the options for management of a prolonged second stage of labor? What monitoring is performed during the first stage of labor? How should a woman be positioned during the first stage of labor? What is the role of a digital exam in the evaluation of normal labor? What is included in the physical exam for evaluation of normal labor?
What are the characteristics of contractions that lead to labor? What are Braxton-Hicks labor contractions? What is included in the initial assessment of labor? How are the cardinal movements of labor characterized? How is the third stage of labor characterized? How is the second stage of labor characterized? How is the first stage of labor characterized? Therefore, if the risks and benefits are balanced, active management with oxytocin may be considered a part of routine management of the third stage. A study by Adnan et al that included 1075 women to compare intravenous oxytocin and intramuscular oxytocin for the third stage of labor reported that although intravenous oxytocin did not lower the incidence of standard postpartum hemorrhage, it significantly lowered the incidence of severe postpartum hemorrhage as well as lowering the frequency of blood transfusion and admission to a high dependency unit.
Crowning actual childbirth trial#
A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of the efficacy of misoprostol (prostaglandin E1 analog) compared with oxytocin showed that oxytocin 10 IU IV or given intramuscularly (IM) was preferable to oral misoprostol 600 mcg for active management of the third stage of labor in hospital settings. However, given the reduced risk of complications, this review recommends that active management is superior to expectant management and should be the routine management of choice. A review of 5 randomized trials comparing active versus expectant management of the third stage demonstrated that active management was associated with lowered risks of maternal blood loss, postpartum hemorrhage, and prolongation of the third stage, but it increased maternal nausea, vomiting, and blood pressure (when ergometrine was used).
0 kommentar(er)
